RULE I. THE CHAIR

1. PRESIDING OFFICER
   1. The President of Senate shall retain the right to preside over the Senate, and is able to take control of the gavel at the commencement of a session, or whenever a new idea is presented for debate.
   2. In the absence of the President of the Senate, the President Pro Tempore, elected at the beginning of each Congress by a majority vote of the Senate, shall preside.
   3. As early as is practicable and no later than ten working days following the election of a President Pro Tempore, the President of the Senate shall deliver to the Secretary of the Senate a list of Senators in order which each shall act as presiding officer should the President of the Senate and President Pro Tempore be bilaterally unable to preside.
   4. In the case of business being handled via Discord, the absence of the President of the Senate shall be construed as their failure to respond to any Senator’s attempt at recognition, or motion of any form as deemed valid, for a period of time any greater than six hours. The President of the Senate shall also retain the right to notify the President Pro Tempore of their absence directly, thus permitting the President Pro Tempore to act as chair.
   5. Should the President of the Senate have yielded the gavel to the President Pro Tempore, it is the duty of the President of the Senate to inform the President Pro Tempore upon their return.
2. OATHS OF OFFICE
   1. The President of the Senate, the President Pro Tempore, and the Secretary of the Senate unilaterally maintain the privilege of administering the oath of office to incoming Senators as prescribed by the United States Constitution. It is the responsibility of whomever administers the oath to an incoming Senator to submit evidence of this occasion to the National Archives for record-keeping purposes.
3. SESSION COMMENCEMENT
   1. At the commencement of each session, the presiding officer shall assume their position at the chair, call the session to order by striking their gavel, and officially declare the Senate in session.
   2. Following the call to order, the presiding officer shall invite all Senators to rise for the playing of the National Anthem. Immediately following the anthem, the presiding officer shall lead the Senate in a moment of reflection, lasting no less than fifteen seconds and no more than three minutes, intended to allow Senators to contemplate the duties and responsibilities inherent in their roles.
   3. Upon the conclusion of the moment of reflection, the presiding officer will invite the Senators to retake their seats. This transition shall be marked by a second strike of the gavel, signaling readiness to proceed with the day’s agenda.
   4. Once Senators are seated, the Secretary of the Senate shall conduct a roll call to determine the presence of a quorum.
   5. In the absence of the Secretary of the Senate, the Assistant Secretary shall call the roll. If neither the Secretary nor Assistant Secretary is able to be present, the presiding officer shall personally conduct the roll call.
   6. If a quorum is not established, the presiding officer shall follow procedures outlined to address the lack of quorum.
4. MAINTENANCE OF ORDER
   1. The presiding officer is charged with maintaining order and ensuring decorum within the Senate chambers at all times.
   2. Any Senator may propose a motion to eject an unruly Senator from the chamber, which must be seconded to be considered.
   3. Following a second, the presiding officer shall initiate a roll call vote to determine the outcome of the ejection motion.
   4. If approved, the ejection of the Senator is effective only for the duration of the day’s session.
5. QUORUM
   1. A quorum shall be defined as a majority, constituting 50% plus one of the total number of sitting Senators. If this calculation results in a decimal, it shall instead be rounded up to the nearest whole number.
   2. Senators awaiting oath of office shall not be counted towards quorum.
   3. Valid proxy votes are counted for establishing quorum.
   4. Should a quorum not be established, the session shall be adjourned and all pending business deferred to the subsequent session.

RULE II. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE

1. ELECTION
   1. Following the swearing-in of all Senators, the President of the Senate may open the floor to nominations for the office of President Pro Tempore. A valid nomination requires a second.
   2. Nominations are able to be submitted through Discord with a minimum one-hour nomination period being provided for submissions, except for in the case of recall election.
   3. After the close of nominations, a roll call vote will be conducted. If a majority is in favor, the nominee shall be appointed as President Pro Tempore.
   4. In the event of a tie, the President of the Senate shall cast the deciding vote.
   5. If the incumbent President Pro Tempore wishes to continue and no challenges are presented, they may serve until the end of their term or recall election is initiated.
   6. Should a challenger arise or the incumbent opts to not continue, the standard election process will proceed as outlined.
2. RECALL
   1. A motion for recall of the President Pro Tempore can be initiated if the Senate loses confidence and their ability to execute their responsibilities effectively. Such a motion must be submitted in writing and the #senate-bills channel of the Congressional Discord at least 24 hours prior to the commencement of any upcoming session.
   2. Any such recall motion requires co-sponsorship by a minimum of four other Senators to be put before the Senate.
   3. Upon meeting these criteria, the recall election shall be scheduled on the agenda of the upcoming session, with the current President Pro Tempore eligible to contest to retain their position.

RULE III. OTHER OFFICERS AND OFFICIALS

1. SECRETARY OF THE SENATE
   1. The Senate shall elect a Secretary to assist in maintaining official records for the entirety of the congressional term, subject to the continued consent of the Senate.
   2. The Secretary may be removed from their position at any time by a majority vote of the Senate.
   3. The Secretary may appoint an Assistant Secretary to fulfill their duties and their absence.
   4. The Secretary shall be responsible for maintaining and submitting to the National Archives records including session voting records, committee voting records, and member statements.
   5. The Secretary shall be responsible for ensuring an updated copy of the Senate Standing Rules including all of active amendments is maintained.
   6. The Office of the Secretary of the Senate shall consist of the following structure:
      1. Secretary of the Senate
      2. Assistant Secretary of the Senate
      3. Senate Staffer(s)
2. SERGEANT-AT-ARMS
   1. The Sergeant-at-Arms shall attend sessions to maintain order under the presiding officer’s direction and oversee the conduct of all staff within their office during sessions.
3. SENATE PALIAMENTARIAN
   1. The Parliamentarian advises the chair and Senators on matters involving the Standing Rules and legislative relation to the law. At any point in a session, the chair may call upon the Parliamentarian for advice and the Parliamentarian may speak freely in response. Notably, they may help with responses to points of order and phrasing. If a case of improper procedure was ignored by the chair and no point of order was called, the Parliamentarian may interject.
   2. The Parliamentarian is selected at the will of the President of the Senate at the beginning of each term. In the case of a resignation or removal, the President of the Senate may appoint a new Parliamentarian. The Parliamentarian may act as a Discord advisor for committee chairs, interjecting in committee floor channels if improper procedure goes unnoticed. They also act as a general advisor in the creation of legislation to all Senators.
   3. The Parliamentarian shall be a non-partisan, non-elected official, who is knowledgeable in the Senate Standing Rules and congressional relation to the law.

RULE IV. MOTIONS AND PROCEDURES